Technical Information

Rockwell Hardness Chart PDF

				A scale,	C scale,	F scale,		Rockwell superficial hardness, 1/16-in.dia ball		Knoop
		Brinell hardness,		60-kg	150-kg	60-kg	15T	30T	45T	hardness,		Tensile
Rockwell		10-mm-diam ball		load,	load,	load,	scale,	scale,	scale,	500-g		strength	Rockwell
B-scale	Vickers	500-kg	3000-kg	Brale	Brale	1/16-in.-	15-kg	30-kg	45-kg	load and	Sclero- scope	(approx),	B-scale
hardness	hardness	load	load	indenter	indenter	diam ball	load	load	load	greater	hardness	ksi	hardness
98	228	189	228	60.2	(19.9)	…	92.5	81.8	70.9	241	34	107	98
97	222	184	222	59.5	(18.6)	…	92.1	81.1	69.9	236	33	104	97
96	216	179	216	58.9	(17.2)	…	91.8	80.4	68.9	231	32	102	96
95	210	175	210	58.3	(15.7)	…	91.5	79.8	67.9	226	…	99	95
94	205	171	205	57.6	(14.3)	…	91.2	79.1	66.9	221	31	97	94
93	200	167	200	57.0	(13.0)	…	90.8	78.4	65.9	216	30	94	93
92	195	163	195	56.4	(11.7)	…	90.5	77.8	64.8	211	…	92	92
91	190	160	190	55.8	(10.4)	…	90.2	77.1	63.8	206	29	90	91
90	185	157	185	55.2	(9.2)	…	89.9	76.4	62.8	201	28	88	90
89	180	154	180	54.6	(8.0)	…	89.5	75.8	61.8	196	27	86	89
88	176	151	176	54.0	(6.9)	…	89.2	75.1	60.8	192	…	84	88
87	172	148	172	53.4	(5.8)	…	88.9	74.4	59.8	188	26	82	87
86	169	145	169	52.8	(4.7)	…	88.6	73.8	58.8	184	26	81	86
85	165	142	165	52.3	(3.6)	…	88.2	73.1	57.8	180	25	79	85
84	162	140	162	51.7	(2.5)	…	87.9	72.4	56.8	176	…	78	84
83	159	137	159	51.1	(1.4)	…	87.6	71.8	55.8	173	24	76	83
82	156	135	156	50.6	(0.3)	…	87.3	71.1	54.8	170	24	75	82
81	153	133	153	50.0	…	…	86.9	70.4	53.8	167	…	73	81
80	150	130	150	49.5	…	…	86.6	69.7	52.8	164	23	72	80
79	147	128	147	48.9	…	…	86.3	69.1	51.8	161	…	70	79
78	144	126	144	48.4	…	…	86.0	68.4	50.8	158	22	69	78
77	141	124	141	47.9	…	…	85.6	67.7	49.8	155	22	68	77
76	139	122	139	47.3	…	…	85.3	67.1	48.8	152	…	67	76
75	137	120	137	46.8	…	99.6	85.0	66.4	47.8	150	21	66	75
74	135	118	135	46.3	…	99.1	84.7	65.7	46.8	148	21	65	74
73	132	116	132	45.8	…	98.5	84.3	65.1	45.8	145	…	64	73
72	130	114	130	45.3	…	98.0	84.0	64.4	44.8	143	20	63	72
71	127	112	127	44.8	…	97.4	83.7	63.7	43.8	141	20	62	71
70	125	110	125	44.3	…	96.8	83.4	63.1	42.8	139	…	61	70
69	123	109	123	43.8	…	96.2	83.0	62.4	41.8	137	19	60	69
68	121	107	121	43.3	…	95.6	82.7	61.7	40.8	135	19	59	68
67	119	106	119	42.8	…	95.1	82.4	61.0	39.8	133	19	58	67
66	117	104	117	42.3	…	94.5	82.1	60.4	38.7	131	…	57	66
65	116	102	116	41.8	…	93.9	81.8	59.7	37.7	129	18	56	65
64	114	101	114	41.4	…	93.4	81.4	59.0	36.7	127	18	…	64
63	112	99	112	40.9	…	92.8	81.1	58.4	35.7	125	18	…	63
62	110	98	110	40.4	…	92.2	80.8	57.7	34.7	124	…	…	62
61	108	96	108	40.0	…	91.7	80.5	57.0	33.7	122	17	…	61
60	107	95	107	39.5	…	91.1	80.1	56.4	32.7	120	…	…	60
59	106	94	106	39.0	…	90.5	79.8	55.7	31.7	118	…	…	59
58	104	92	104	38.6	…	90.0	79.5	55.0	30.7	117	…	…	58
57	103	91	103	38.1	…	89.4	79.2	54.4	29.7	115	…	…	57
56	101	90	101	37.7	…	88.8	78.8	53.7	28.7	114	…	…	56
55	100	89	100	37.2	…	88.2	78.5	53.0	27.7	112	…	…	55

(a) For carbon and alloy steels in the annealed, normalized, and quenched-and-tempered conditions; less accurate for cold worked condition and for austenitic steels. The values in parentheses are beyond normal range and are given for information only.

P.I.W. Chart PDF

			I.D.
O.D.	16"	18"	20"	22"	24"	26"
30	143	128	111	93	72	50
31	157	142	125	106	86	63
32	171	156	139	120	100	77
33	185	170	153	135	114	92
34	200	185	168	150	129	107
35	216	200	184	165	144	122
36	231	216	199	181	160	138
37	248	233	216	197	176	154
38	264	249	232	214	193	171
39	281	266	249	231	210	188
40	299	284	267	248	228	206
41	317	302	285	266	246	224
42	336	320	303	285	264	242
43	354	339	322	304	283	261
44	374	359	342	323	303	280
45	394	378	362	343	322	300
46	414	399	382	363	343	320
47	435	419	403	384	363	341
48	456	441	424	405	384	362
49	477	462	445	427	406	384
50	499	484	467	449	428	406
51	522	507	490	471	451	428
52	545	530	513	494	473	451
53	568	553	537	517	497	475
54	592	577	560	541	521	498
55	616	601	584	565	545	523
56	641	626	609	590	570	547
57	666	651	534	615	595	573
58	692	676	660	641	620	598
59	718	702	686	667	646	624
60	744	729	712	693	673	651
61	771	756	739	720	700	670
62	798	783	766	748	727	705
63	826	811	794	775	755	733
64	854	839	822	804	783	761
65	883	868	851	832	812	790
66	912	897	880	862	841	819
67	942	927	910	891	871	848
68	972	957	940	921	901	878
69	1002	987	970	952	931	909
70	1033	1018	1001	983	962	940
71	1065	1050	1033	1014	993	971
72	1096	1081	1064	1046	1025	1003
73	1129	1114	1097	1078	1058	1035
74	1161	1146	1129	1111	1090	1068
75	1195	1179	1163	1144	1123	1101
76	1228	1213	1196	1177	1157	1135
77	1262	1247	1230	1212	1191	1169
78	1297	1282	1265	1246	1226	1203
79	1332	1317	1300	1281	1260	1238
80	1367	1352	1335	1316	1296	1274

I-Unit Chart PDF

					Height of the Off Flat Condition (in) measured with a Step Gauge
Peak to Peak (in.)	1/32	1/16	3/32	1/8	3/16	1/4	5/16	3/8	7/16	1/2	5/8	3/4	7/8	1
Peak to P	0.031	0.063	0.094	0.125	0.188	0.250	0.313	0.375	0.438	0.500	0.625	0.750	0.875	1.000
5	9.6	38.5	86.7	154.1	346.6	616.2	962.9	1386.5	1887.2	2464.9	3851.4	5546.0	7548.8	9859.6
6	6.7	26.7	60.2	107.0	240.7	427.9	668.6	962.9	1310.5	1711.7	2674.6	3851.4	5242.2	6846.9
7	4.9	19.7	44.2	78.6	176.9	314.4	491.3	707.4	962.9	1257.6	1965.0	2829.6	3851.4	5030.4
8	3.8	15.0	33.9	60.2	135.4	240.7	376.1	541.6	737.2	962.9	1504.5	2166.4	2948.7	3851.4
9	3.0	11.9	26.7	47.5	107.0	190.2	297.2	427.9	582.5	760.8	1188.7	1711.7	2329.9	3043.1
10	2.4	9.6	21.7	38.5	86.7	154.1	240.7	346.6	471.8	616.2	962.9	1386.5	1887.2	2464.9
11	2.0	8.0	17.9	31.8	71.6	127.3	198.9	286.5	389.9	509.3	795.7	1145.9	1559.7	2037.1
12	1.7	6.7	15.0	26.7	60.2	107.0	167.2	240.7	327.6	427.9	668.6	962.9	1310.5	1711.7
13	1.4	5.7	12.8	22.8	51.3	91.2	142.4	205.1	279.2	364.6	569.7	820.4	1116.7	1458.5
14	1.2	4.9	11.1	19.7	44.2	78.6	122.8	176.9	240.7	314.4	491.3	707.4	962.9	1257.6
15	1.1	4.3	9.6	17.1	38.5	68.5	107.0	154.1	209.7	273.9	427.9	616.2	838.8	1095.5
16	0.9	3.8	8.5	15.0	33.9	60.2	94.0	135.4	184.3	240.7	376.1	541.6	737.2	962.9
17	0.8	3.3	7.5	13.3	30.0	53.3	83.3	119.9	163.3	213.2	333.2	479.8	653.0	852.9
18	0.7	3.0	6.7	11.9	26.7	47.5	74.3	107.0	145.6	190.2	297.2	427.9	582.5	760.8
19	0.7	2.7	6.0	10.7	24.0	42.7	66.7	96.0	130.7	170.7	266.7	384.1	522.8	682.8
20	0.6	2.4	5.4	9.6	21.7	38.5	60.2	86.7	117.9	154.1	240.7	346.6	471.8	616.2
21	0.5	2.2	4.9	8.7	19.7	34.9	54.6	78.6	107.0	139.7	218.3	314.4	427.9	558.9
22	0.5	2.0	4.5	8.0	17.9	31.8	49.7	71.6	97.5	127.3	198.9	286.5	389.9	509.3
23	0.5	1.8	4.1	7.3	16.4	29.1	45.5	65.5	89.2	116.5	182.0	262.1	356.7	466.0
24	0.4	1.7	3.8	6.7	15.0	26.7	41.8	60.2	81.9	107.0	167.2	240.7	327.6	427.9
28	0.3	1.2	2.8	4.9	11.1	19.7	30.7	44.2	60.2	78.6	122.8	176.9	240.7	314.4
32	0.2	0.9	2.1	3.8	8.5	15.0	23.5	33.9	46.1	60.2	94.0	135.4	184.3	240.7
36	0.2	0.7	1.7	3.0	6.7	11.9	18.6	26.7	36.4	47.5	74.3	107.0	145.6	190.2
40	0.2	0.6	1.4	2.4	5.4	9.6	15.0	21.7	29.5	38.5	60.2	86.7	117.9	154.1
44	0.1	0.5	1.1	2.0	4.5	8.0	12.4	17.9	24.4	31.8	49.7	71.6	97.5	127.3
48	0.1	0.4	0.9	1.7	3.8	6.7	10.4	15.0	20.5	26.7	41.8	60.2	81.9	107.0
54	0.1	0.3	0.7	1.3	3.0	5.3	8.3	11.9	16.2	21.1	33.0	47.5	64.7	84.5
60	0.1	0.3	0.6	1.1	2.4	4.3	6.7	9.6	13.1	17.1	26.7	38.5	52.4	68.5
66	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.9	2.0	3.5	5.5	8.0	10.8	14.1	22.1	31.8	43.3	56.6
72	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.7	1.7	3.0	4.6	6.7	9.1	11.9	18.6	26.7	36.4	47.5
78	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.6	1.4	2.5	4.0	5.7	7.8	10.1	15.8	22.8	31.0	40.5
84	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	1.2	2.2	3.4	4.9	6.7	8.7	13.6	19.7	26.7	34.9


	Stretcher Level			Flatness Critical			Commercial Flatness			Out of Tolerance
	5 I-Units or less			20 I-Units or less			42 I-Units or less			42 I-Units or more
Note: I-Units are found by measuring the height of the off flat condition and the interval between each peaks. Find the I-Unit on the chart above

Hot Rolled, P & O, Cold Rolled PDF

Gauge

Decimal

Hot Rolled, P & O

Tolerance Range

Cold Rolled

Tolerance Range

Lbs. Per

Sq. Ft.

.1793

.1713 to .1873

. . . . . .

7.500

.1644

.1564 to .1724

. . . . . .

6.875

.1495

.1415 to .1575

. . . . . .

6.250

.1345

.1265 to .1425

.1285 to .1405

5.625

.1196

.1116 to .1276

.1136 to .1256

5.000

.1046

.0966 to .1126

.0986 to .1106

4.375

.0897

.0827 to .0967

.0847 to .0947

3.750

.0747

.0677 to .0817

.0697 to .0797

3.125

.0673

.0603 to .0747

.0623 to .0723

2.812

.0598

.0528 to .0668

.0548 to .0648

2.500

.0538

.0478 to .0598

.0498 to .0578

2.250

.0478

. . . . . .

.0438 to .0518

2.000

.0418

. . . . . .

.0378 to .0458

1.750

.0359

. . . . . .

.0329 to .0389

1.500

.0329

. . . . . .

.0299 to .0359

1.375

.0299

. . . . . .

.0269 to .0329

1.250

.0269

. . . . . .

.0239 to .0299

1.125

.0239

. . . . . .

.0209 to .0269

1.000

.0209

. . . . . .

.0179 to .0239

.875

.0179

. . . . . .

.0159 to .0199

.750

.0164

. . . . . .

.0144 to .0184

.688

.0149

. . . . . .

.0129 to .0169

.625

.0135

. . . . . .

.562

.0120

. . . . . .

.500

Galvanized PDF

Decimal Equivalents PDF

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